Backbone State Park

Backbone State Park holds the distinction of being Iowa’s oldest state park, with the original land acquisition dating to 1919 and the park officially dedicated in 1920 as Iowa’s first state park, along the Maquoketa River in Delaware County in the northeastern part of the state. The park takes its name from the narrow spine of dolomite bedrock that runs through its core, a geological feature unusual enough in Iowa’s mostly flat landscape to draw visitors from across the region. Between that rocky ridge, clear trout streams, an 80-acre lake, and miles of wooded trails cutting through second-growth forest, the park offers more varied terrain than most Iowa parks can claim.

The Backbone Ridge and Dolomite Geology

The park’s signature feature is the Backbone itself, a thin fin of dolomite limestone rising roughly 90 feet above the Maquoketa River below. A trail runs along the top of this ridge, giving hikers narrow footing with steep drop-offs on both sides. The exposed rock faces show layered sedimentary formations dating back hundreds of millions of years, and the ridge is studded with crevices, outcrops, and small caves that make this feel like different terrain than anything else in the state. Geology enthusiasts will find plenty to study here, and hikers of most fitness levels can complete the ridge section, though caution is warranted given the uneven footing near the edges.

Trout Fishing on the Maquoketa River

The park’s Richmond Springs trout stream is stocked by the Iowa DNR, typically twice weekly from April through October. The spring-fed trout stream runs cold and clear, with conditions suitable for stocked rainbow trout and wild brown trout. Anglers wade directly in the stream or fish from the bank at several access points within the park. A valid Iowa fishing license with a trout fee is required. Backbone Lake, formed by a dam on the Maquoketa, also supports fishing for bass, bluegill, and other warm-water species.

Trails Through Wooded Ravines and River Valley

The park has around 21 miles of trails ranging from easy riverside walks to the more demanding ridge loop. The Backbone Trail is the most popular route and combines the ridge crossing with forested sections along the river. Shorter loops branch off and pass through ravines dense with ferns, wildflowers, and mature hardwoods. The trail system is well-marked and connects to most areas of the park, including the lake, campground, and several picnic areas. Mountain biking is permitted on designated trails within the park, and the varied terrain makes it a reasonable destination for riders looking for something beyond flat gravel paths.

Camping and Overnight Stays

Backbone offers a full-service campground with both electric and non-electric sites, two shower buildings at South Lake Campground, and modern cabins for visitors who prefer a more sheltered stay. The campground sits within walking distance of the lake and connects to the trail system. Campsites are 100% reservable, and a reservation is required; standard campground reservations are available April 1 through November 30. Group camping areas are also available for larger parties.

Swimming and Lake Recreation

Backbone Lake has a sand beach with a designated swim area; there are no lifeguards, and visitors should check current beach advisories before heading in. The lake is popular for non-motorized boating, and canoes, kayaks, and paddleboats can be rented at the park during the main season. The beach area includes a changing facility and nearby picnic shelters. The lake and swim beach tend to be busy on hot summer weekends, so arriving early is advisable if you want a good spot.

Pet Policy

Pets are welcome at Backbone State Park and must be kept on a leash no longer than six feet at all times. Pets are allowed on trails, in the campground, and in picnic areas. Pets are not allowed in designated beach areas and most park buildings, except dogs or assistive animals in designated dog-friendly cabins. Owners are responsible for cleaning up after their animals.

Wildlife to Be Aware Of

Timber rattlesnakes are present in the park and are most likely encountered along the rocky ridge and dolomite outcrop areas. Watch where you place your feet and hands when climbing on or near rock faces, and avoid reaching into crevices or flipping rocks without checking first. Rattlesnakes are not aggressive by nature, but a close encounter can result in a bite if the snake feels cornered.

White-tailed deer cross trails frequently, especially in the early morning and near dusk. They are generally not a concern on foot, but drivers should slow down on park roads during low-light hours when deer are most active.

Wild turkeys are common throughout the forested sections of the park and may approach people out of curiosity, especially near picnic areas where food is present. They are not dangerous but can be surprisingly bold. Do not feed them.

Ticks are active from spring through fall throughout the wooded and brushy trail corridors. Wearing long pants and socks, using insect repellent with DEET or permethrin, and doing a thorough full-body check after every hike are the most effective ways to reduce tick exposure. Check children and pets carefully as well.

Practical Information

Backbone State Park is located at 1347 129th Street, Dundee, Iowa. Dundee is about 1 mile south, and Strawberry Point is about 3 miles north of the park. From Strawberry Point, head south and continue onto IA 410/Backbone Road toward the park entrances. The coordinates are 42.6086, -91.5515.

Entry to Iowa state parks is free, with no vehicle entry fee. Camping fees vary by site type and are paid separately. Reservations are available through Reserve America and are required for the campground season. The park is generally open year-round, but visitors should check current Iowa DNR/ReserveAmerica alerts for temporary gate or road closures before traveling, though some facilities including the beach, boat rentals, and shower buildings operate seasonally. Winter visitors come for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing when conditions allow.